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Secrets of the seabed. Part two

Vecherka continues the story about the results of the work of the Complex Expedition of the Northern Fleet and the Russian Geographical Society Remember the War in 2021.

Fatal Bantos-A

In the spring of last year, the expedition examined two submarines of the Northern Fleet at once, which died in 1942 – D-3 and K-2. Both submarines have their own history. D-3 was built in a series in 1927-1930 (only three units). These were the first boats built in the USSR after the revolution. Therefore, they became a kind of university for the training of Soviet submariners. In 1931, the Red Guard (in those years the boats were given names) arrived in the North. On February 5, 1938, the submarine with a group of signalers on board went in the direction of the drifting polar station North Pole-1, with the task of maintaining radio communications between the rescue ships and the airship USSR-B6, sent to remove the station's crew. During this voyage, she visited the area of ​​Jan Mayen Island, becoming the first of the Soviet submarines to enter the Western Hemisphere. In the same trip, the boat had to overcome a five-cable (about a kilometer) ice jumper, which became the first under-ice navigation in the history of the USSR.

As for the K-2, it is famous for the fact that in September 1941 it was its crew that laid the foundation for the famous tradition of a blank shot when returning from a military campaign. So the submariners noted the sinking of the enemy vessel in this campaign. Salute, as the sailors dubbed it, quickly took root, first in the North, and then in other fleets. The direct initiator of this tradition was Senior Lieutenant Zarmair Arvanov, at that time the commander of the K-2 mine and torpedo unit. In July 1942 he was transferred to K-21. Thereby

Zarmair Mamikonovich survived the war and later became Rear Admiral. And K-2 in August 1942 went on another campaign. Forever and ever. The submarine will be found only in 2016, but official information on the website of the Northern Fleet appeared only in the spring of 2021.

– The boat was found within the German minefield Bantos-A, – says Alexey Kornis. – This is an active minelaying, which was carried out by the German minelayers Brummer and Cobra on March 20, 1942.

The boat lies at a depth of more than 100 meters. During a mine explosion, most likely, the ammunition detonated. The hull broke into three pieces. Judging by the raised anti-aircraft periscope, the boat was at periscope depth. This, perhaps, became an indirect cause of death, since surface ships repeatedly passed through this minefield, which avoided explosions due to the effect of lowering mines under the action of the current.Due to the great depth, the boat was examined only with the help of television uninhabited underwater devices. The case is very entangled in fishing nets.

Also, within the Bantosa mine barrier, D-3 was also discovered (11 miles are separated from the K-2). The boat died on June 10 or 11, 1942. The website of the Northern Fleet says that the Red Guard from the explosion broke into two parts. Most of the body is immersed in the soil, the protruding parts are tightened with ragged fishing nets. The nasal gun is classified, the trunk looks at the right side, down. The mines of periscopes are visible. The nasal part is located about 200 meters from the main. The nasal horizontal steering wheel of the right side is wrapped vertically upwards.

Northern lights

“A comprehensive expedition of the Northern Fleet and the Russian Geographical Society“ Remember the War ”is not only the search for dead ships,” says Alexei Kornis, supervisor of the expedition, the expedition of the expedition. – It gives a great opportunity for training. For example, when working in the Kola Bay, the teachings of divers were conducted to search for mino -like objects. To do this, mulyazhi mines were laid in the water area. Divers did not know where they were, but they coped with their task perfectly, finding all the bookmarks.

By the way, the mine danger of war times is not an empty phrase. For example, mines exhibited by the enemy in the Ob lip lie there to this day. And although 80 years have passed since their installation, theoretically, these “toys” may work today.

“The Germans actively mined our communications with the help of aircraft and submarines,” says Alexei Viktorovich. – These performances could inflict tremendous damage, but we were fantastically lucky. Either our fairways passed by these productions, then the mines themselves betrayed themselves. For example, the Germans twice mined Belushi's lip, on the new earth. But in 1943, several self -breaks occurred. This happened because of our northern lights, which led to geomagnetic indignations, and the magnetic fuses of the min worked. After that, the trawling of this water area began with minesweepers of the White Sea Flotilla, and most of the mines were etched. But 17 minutes still remained. And last year we discovered two more mines.

Fighter in the lake

For a long time, the search forces and means of the Northern Fleet have been involved in the examination of lakes in the area of ​​the Western face. In these places in 1941, bloody battles were going on, and internal reservoirs may well provide researchers with interesting finds. And so it happened this year.

“According to the plan, we had to examine two nameless lakes in this area,” says Alexei Kornis. – In one we did not find anything, and to the second we simply could not get due to its inaccessibility. Then we decided to check another reservoir, which initially did not enter into our plans.And literally at the last moment, when the search was already coming to an end, we found something. When they began to visually inspect the find, it turned out that it was an I-153 fighter. In the cockpit were the remains of the pilot, his personal belongings, weapons.

From a depth of 15 meters, they managed to get elements of the cockpit, engine, radio station and on-board weapons, including four ShKAS machine guns and a TT pistol that belonged to the pilot.

Thanks to archival data, it was established that the pilot of the fighter was Lieutenant Mikhail Alexandrovich Golunov (in a number of documents Galunov), born in 1910. Born and lived in Nalchik. He served in the 2nd Squadron of the 72nd Aviation Regiment of the Air Force of the Northern Fleet. On October 25, 1941, Lieutenant Golunov did not return from a combat mission and was listed, according to some documents, as missing, according to others – who died in battle.

“In October last year, the remains of the hero, as well as his personal belongings, were handed over to relatives,” Alexey Kornis said.

Return from oblivion

Vecherka told its readers only about the most interesting, in our opinion, episodes of the expedition. In much more detail, with maps, diagrams, historical documents and photographs, the results of the Comprehensive Expedition Remember the War are set out in a specially published book. Previously, only a limited circle of specialists could get acquainted with such data. But now several copies of the report of the expedition have been transferred by its authors to the Murmansk Regional Scientific Library. Moreover, this report will soon be available online in digitized form. Thus, perhaps for the first time in the practice of the Northern Fleet, everyone will be able to get acquainted with the results of the work of researchers. And this, in our opinion, is the most important achievement of the joint work of military sailors and the Russian Geographical Society. There was nothing like it before.

The return from non-existence of warships and ships that died during the Great Patriotic War is an important, but not the only goal of the expedition. Thousands of square kilometers of the seabed were surveyed, sea charts were corrected, restrictions were lifted from mine hazardous areas, interaction was worked out both within the Northern Fleet and with civilian organizations. Well, the search and rescue forces generally gained invaluable experience.

I am glad that this year, despite the difficult political situation, the expedition will continue its work. No doubt, researchers will have many more interesting finds. Our newspaper will try to keep its readers informed about these events.